sql reorganize index. Merging the full-text index fragments can improve performance and free up disk and memory resources. sql reorganize index

 
 Merging the full-text index fragments can improve performance and free up disk and memory resourcessql reorganize index  You can safely stop it but you need to find out why your database became slow

Use a columnstore index to efficiently run real-time operational analytics on an. You could also refer another query which may be helpful to you. However, the meaning of those operations is different in the case of Columnstore. Therefore, you do not need to update statistics after performing ALTER INDEX REBUILD, DBCC DBREINDEX, DBCC INDEXDEFRAG, or ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE operations. Specify the name of the maintenance plan. May 5, 2010 at 8:00 am. Note that the time it takes to complete the operations depends on the size of the database and how fragmented the indexes. ” Select the vault database(s). Burt King. In SQL Server, you "might" run into issues with "updating primary key". Please post more details like how are you running the reorganize via TSQL or SSMS or SSIS. From a transaction log standpoint, reorganize index generates a lot more small transactions and can lead to substantially more resource-consumption than a rebuild. Hi Team, Today when I go through some of the SQL Server performance videos, found one interesting video (Please find the link below), where he said that rebuilding indexes is a very expensive thing and it will clear the cache every time an index rebuild happens, (It means that we indirectly killing the SQL Server everything we rebuild. Applies to: SQL Server. Mine might be such a scenario. Bulk amount records are deleted and updated frequently. There’s no hard and fast rule here but I generally say where. This topic provides. When using columnstore indexes, the delta store may end up with multiple small row groups after inserting, updating, and. The Full-Text Engine in SQL Server is fully integrated with the query processor. In the infrequent cases where you do need to reorganize or re-build index, consider these: Run index maintenance during off peak period. 2) - this is where it might seem you "solved" the problem with index rebuild, but index rebuild could rather be consequence for better, more tailored execution plan for the problematic query/queries. Identifies indexes that are fragmented and defragments them. Designing the SQL Server Reorganize Index Task The script below allows you to rebuild indexes for all databases and all tables within a database. He has the best practices coded into his scripts, so it should serve you well. This is a powerful feature that you can use to your advantage. USE AdventureWorks2022; GO -- The following example updates the statistics for all indexes on the. It is also recommended to read the previous article of this series - Rebuild Index Task before reading this one. Depending on the fragmentation level, you need to rebuild or reorganize the indexes. The reason we want to load. WITH FULLSCAN. If you are using Windows Internal Database, you will need to use the sqlcmd utility, which can be. You can also set a threshold so that it only considers indexes over a certain size so you're not doing unnecessary rebuilds on tiny indexes. Depending on INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE activity against your tables, your physical data can become very fragmented. Applies to: SQL Server. Designing efficient indexes is paramount to achieving good database and application performance. SQL Server 2019 adds resumable online index creation, and it’s pretty spiffy: 1. When rebuilding your indexes, be sure that you allocate enough memory to the session that rebuilds your index. If you want to try : I would like you to use READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT isolation level for this operation and see if you succeed. is_ms_shipped = 0 --Excludes any objects created as a part of SQL Server installation AND ss. The performance benefit may not be noticeable for indexes that are used primarily for seek operations. ALTER INDEX index_name ON table_name REORGANIZE OR. Rebuild or Reorganize indexes Ask Question Asked 1 year, 1 month ago Modified 1 year, 1 month ago Viewed 1k times 0 I want to reorganize or rebuild indexes. I have an index on a . Too many full-text index fragments in the full-text index, can lead to substantial degradation in query performance. For a reorganize they are not, but just because a reorganize happened does not necessarily mean that a stats update is necessary. Also, running UPDATE STATISTICS gets you both index and columns stats updates. To reorganize the indexes and table in the database, run the appropriate command that is based on your requirement: To reorganize the tables with an asterisk in the last column, run the following command: db2 reorg table table_name. Create table and compressed index. If you don’t spend much time with SQL Server and you. We check the time for sample select query - it was 2s just after index creation. There are two ways of doing that: (i) by using the ‘ DBCC SHOWCONTIG ‘ command, and (ii) by using the ‘ sys. 0. Largest table has around 500. alter index all on table_name reorganize; But I only want to rebuild or reorganize if fragmentation percentage on each index is between a certain range. From cruel experience, I know that I can repopulate that table from scratch (i. Using SQL Server Management Studio: In the Object Explorer pane navigate to and expand the SQL Server, and then the Databases node Expand the specific database with fragmented index Expand the Tables node, and the table with fragmented index Expand the specific table Expand the Indexes node. Reorganizing tries to put the leaf level of the index back in logical order within the pages that are already allocated to the index. Note: You can select “Reorganize All” to reorganize all the indexes in the table If the index you wish to reorganize is not listed in the “Indexes to be reorganized” section, ensure that it has been added to this section and then click the “OK” button. USE AdventureWorks; GO ALTER INDEX ALL ON Production. Jan 11 at 14:24. The procedure uses SQL Server ALTER INDEX command, with the REORGANIZE option NULL. ) rebuilt all indexes on the table. There needs to be an automated Index defragmentation job that will either reorganize or rebuild the indexes based on the fragmentation level for a specific table in a specific database. Reorganizing an index uses minimal system resources and is an online operation. –In this article. 3) Reorganize indexes. In SQL Server, when rebuilding an index which previously had statistics updated with PERSIST_SAMPLE_PERCENT, the persisted sample percent is reset back to default. Reindex the WSUS database. For example, one of the indexes with a page_count of 967 has a fragmentation percentage. We recently switched to Ola Hallengren's maintenance script and automated the deployment of MaintenanceSolution. Since you issued a REBUILD and not a REORG, cancelling the query will result in a rollback which will take even more time. In Object Explorer, Expand the database that contains the table on which you want to reorganize an index. You can safely stop it but you need to find out why your database became slow. You can do maintenance in phases, where each maintenance phase covers a subset of. Veritas now uses the heavily debated command DBCC SHOWCONTIG WITH ALL_INDEXES,or DBCC SHOWCONTIG WITH ALL_INDEXES,tableresults (Table results will give you a table format to read) to. 2. Create SQL Server Columnstore Non-Clustered Index. Our Production instance is running SQL Server 2014. This prevents modifications to the table. In Object Explorer, connect to an instance of Database Engine. REORG INDEXES/INDEXES command reorganizes indexes. DROP INDEX when you are dropping a nonclustered index. First, we will start the index reorganization in a session using the following T-SQL code. Reorganize/Rebuild SQL Server database indexes using ApexSQL Defrag ApexSQL Defrag is a 3rd party tool made specifically to automatically fix index fragmentation in SQL Server databases. If the clustered index is being rebuilt, an exclusive table lock is held. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. To estimate the duration of the REORGANIZE DATABASE you can use the SQL statement from the "Step 1" section in the attached "REORGANIZE estimator" . Jan 11 at 14:24. However, these numbers are only for general guidance as a starting point for your environment. The SQL Server Maintenance Solution lets you intelligently rebuild or reorganize only the indexes that are fragmented. 3) Reorganize indexes. 3. For maintenance i create a procedure that: -Shrink Database file (if is enabled) -Shrink Database log file. Let us create a Heap Table and insert some records in it and then check the fragmentation. ALTER INDEX [myIndex] ON [dbo]. Hi Everyone, We have a weekly maintenance plan in place that fails with the following error: Executing the query "ALTER INDEX [NCI_WI_BId_PId_PMId_SId_NPB] ON [Infr. Rebuilds are generally faster. You can also see if a reorganize will help until you can do a full rebuild. Yup, that is one perfectly valid way. I have this piece of code which helps me rebuild indexes if they are fragmented to a certain percentage. Designing efficient indexes is paramount to achieving good database and. Yes, rebuilding indexes will take a toll on your transaction log file. dm_db_index_physical_stats(DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) indexstats INNER JOIN sys. Both versions allow you to specify the. Large object data is data with the image, text, ntext, varchar (max), nvarchar (max), varbinary (max), or xml data type. Create a job to run your index reorganize ('Reorganize'). The syntax for rebuilding indexes is very simple, we just add the "WITH ONLINE=ON" clause to the ALTER INDEX command. The below T-SQL statement can be used to retrieve these wait types: 1. Reorganize Doesn`t Create A New Index It is again a short demo which shows that Reorganize doesn`t create a new Index, In this demo we will reorganize the index and we will check does the Index ObjectID and PageIDs changed in comparewith the last demo. This script contributed by the Microsoft WSUS team. Rebuilds are generally faster. The log size shouldn't be unrestricted. Index Rebuild vs Index Reorganize. And if it is a clustered index, the entire table is copied. I'm currently using the approach described here: sys. To solve this, I want to use the REORGANIZE operation every time. Mar 8, 2021, 2:47 PM. you are reading your query result incorrect. This would also keep the original order of columns. 2. FOR VALUE. Next the New Job window will open. The table can be in a local or a remote database. インデックスの断片化の状態がわかったら、それによってインデックス (index) を再構成 (Reorganize)するか、または再構築 (Rebuild) するか決定します。. So stay tuned as we should have a follow up post soon on his findings and recommendations for. We leave default values here as well. Then, drag and drop Rebuild Index Task into the maintenance plan designer. #1637994. ALTER INDEX ALL ON [table_name] REORGANIZE; However, if you want to rebuild all the indexes on the table, you can run the following command. For us to perform this test we will first create a simple test table with a few columns and load a fair amount of data into it. Your disk drive space is for files, not for ornamentation. Depending on database and indexes size it will grow. 3. Expand the Indexes folder. August 1, 2013 at 3:52 pm. Also, up to SQL Server 2008 R2, you could not perform online rebuild on Large Object (LOB) data: varchar(max), nvarchar(max), varbinary(max), or XML. On the Table Designer menu, click Indexes/Keys. Unlike DBCC INDEXDEFRAG, or ALTER INDEX with the REORGANIZE option, DBCC DBREINDEX is an offline operation. line is helpful to give the user some indication of what indexes it is rebuilding and how far it has progressed. Workaround. x) and in Azure SQL Database, we recommend using ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE instead of ALTER INDEX REBUILD for columnstore indexes. column_name DISABLE; ALTER INDEX. Here a Microsoft Engineer states that in most scenarios is not needed, but in the same forum thread I shared my experience step-by-step with images on how you can schedule a database maintenance on Azure SQL. It has an IF condition for the Reorganize but i don't need it, i need to modify the code so it queries indexes of a certain database and schema and rebuilds only if the fragmentation is bigger than 5%. Any full-text indexes of non-trivial size with fragmentation of at least 10% will be flagged to be re-built by our over-night maintenance. ALTER INDEX [PK_SalesOrderDetailEnlarged_SalesOrderID_SalesOrderDetailID] ON [Sales]. You can use Ola's Index maintenance solution or Michelle Ufford's - Index Defrag Script. The length of time the rebuild takes is related to the size of the index, not the amount of fragmentation in it. The link points to SQL Server 2014 docs, but the syntax should work on 2005 and 2008 as well. The reason given is that the indexes and statistics are partly based on available CPU and memory resources. In the infrequent cases where you do need to reorganize or re-build index, consider these: Run index maintenance during off peak period. Rebuilding an index can be executed online or offline. One of the major reasons I wrote DBCC INDEXDEFRAG for SQL Server 2000 was as an online alternative to DBCC DBREINDEX. 2. I will read through them and try implementing them. You need to do more research but basically, reorganize as often as needed to keep your fragmentation under 20-30% until you can rebuild it during off-hours. You can do maintenance in phases, where each maintenance phase covers a subset of. But if you need to change something about an index (that. In SQL Server, you "might" run into issues with "updating primary key". One time job to reorganize the indexes One time job to rebuild the indexes Scheduling ongoing reorganization job SQL databases, similar to the file system on a disk, will fragment over time. object_id =. This tip will explore two features to speed up SQL Server index and statistics maintenance. To reduce the number of fragments, reorganize the full-text catalog by using the REORGANIZE option of the ALTER FULLTEXT CATALOGTransact-SQL statement. regarding reorganize - there is an exception to this - if you have columnstore indexes that are frequently subject to deletions or that are subject on inserts in small batches then running reorg. For general guidance regarding index fragmentation, when fragmentation is between 5% and 30%, reorganize the index. Maintain Index and Column StatisticsAs people have mentioned here, your indexes do not automatically rebuild. Reorganize Index. indexes ind ON ind. Reorganize Index Task Forum – Learn more on SQLServerCentral. SSC Guru. However, each time I check (even immediately after recreating the indexes) the avg_fragmentation_in_percent shows 100%. We have decided to use the following code to compute a fragmentation % for each full-text index. If you want to know how far along it is, open up another instance of SSMS and connect to the server, then run a query against the sys. It should not be used on WSUS 2. It's a great piece of work - it allows you to define fragmentation levels for which you. To create SQL database maintenance plan, launch SQL Server Management Studio > expand the database instance > Management > right-click on the maintenance plan > New Maintenance Plan. dm_db_index_physical_stats DMV). Rebuild/Reorganize working fine. Rebuild and Reorganize Index using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) Find and expand the table in Object Explorer >> Open Indexes >> Right-click on the target index >> Rebuild or Reorganize. INDEX_REORGANIZE Reorganizes the index. Under the very wrong assumption that it wouldn't take long, I've ran ALTER INDEX ALL ON OUR_BIGGEST_TABLE REORGANIZE;. 例えば、10 % 以上 30 % 未満であれば再構成 (Reorganize)、 30% 以上であれば再構築 (Rebuild) するとすれば、. Depending on the type of index and database engine version, a rebuild operation can be done online or offline. 19 4. Are you seeing problems related to statistics? Or is this just. When you rebuild indexes Offline, the operation acquires a Schema modification (Sch-M) lock on the table. We are planning to run index rebuild/reorganize on a regular basis in our application. It defragments the leaf level of clustered and nonclustered indexes on tables and views by physically reordering the leaf-level pages to match the logical, left to right, order of the leaf nodes. 000 rows. You have to do some research and tailoring of how and when to do it based on your environment, though. You can apply a new fillfactor when you rebuild an index. DROP INDEX when you are dropping a nonclustered index. You should also include page_count value in your query. The query causing the block is in the format: ALTER INDEX [indexName] ON tableName REORGANIZE. After executing the index defragmentation maintenance plan, we can check the status of the maintenance plan by checking the status of the SQL Agent job that is used to execute the maintenance plan tasks. Recommend 7 or less. You also can create a linked server to SQLAZURE and create a sql agent job. Product REORGANIZE GO. The Reorganize Index task encapsulates the Transact-SQL ALTER INDEX statement. When rebuilding offline your index is completely unavailable, but the operation is faster than that online. dm_exec_requests to see how much longer your query has to finish. 3,895 9 51 78. " failed with the following error: "Transaction (Process ID 94) was deadlocked on lock resources with another process and has. INDEX index-name Specifies the index to use when reorganizing the table. fulltext_index_fragments GROUP BY OBJECT_NAME([table_id]) HAVING COUNT([fragment_id]) >=30 Also,. create table dbo. The database is using the Simple Recovery model. For applications requiring continuous availability, the online option is advisable. Method 1: Create a SQL Server Agent job to rebuild indexes and update statistics. I used the sp_who2 procedure to see which queries were waiting, and which other query they were blocked by. dm_db_index_physical_stats) is <1000 you don't need to rebuild or reorganize such. 1. Using SQL Server Management Studio: In the Object Explorer pane navigate to and expand the SQL Server, and then the Databases node Expand the specific database with fragmented index Expand the. Here is the image for additional clarity. This procedure automatically chooses whether to rebuild or reorganize an index according to its fragmentation level, amongst other parameters, and update statistics. The more the fragmentation you need to rebuild if its less you can reorganize. Reorganize: Reorganize indexes with between 11-30 percent fragmentation. Product REBUILD GO Index Reorganize : This process physically reorganizes the leaf nodes of the index. x) および SQL Server 2014 (12. Speaking for SQL Server, I tend to choose a index size and index fragmentation level at which point I begin performing index maintenance. Fragmentation. In order to resolve the index reorganization issue, we will enable the row and page level locking by altering the index as shown below: USE MSSQLTipsDemo GO ALTER INDEX [PK_Product] ON [Production]. I think there is another way to rebuild fragmented index, You can create an sp and scheduled it via SQL Server Agent or via task scheduler. Find and remove unused indexes – everything that is unused doesn’t do anything good. First it’ll try an index reorganize, which is an online operation. Index rebuilding process uses more CPU and it locks the database resources. To run the Maintenance plan, make sure your SQL server agent service is running. According to Microsoft’s best practices, it is recommended to reorganize indexes if their fragmentation level is >15% and <=30% (if >30%, a rebuild should be done). ALTER INDEX ALL ON [dbo]. Check the column, avg_fragmentation_in_percent and if its greater than. Create a maintenance plan. Columns with text, image, ntext, varchar (max), nvarchar (max) and varbinary (max) cannot be used in the index key columns. How to Reorganize and Rebuild Indexes using T-SQL. Rules For Index Maintenance: 1. Thank you, ShamAnswers. Reorganize/Rebuild single index vs all table indexes. ”. Use Ola Hallengren ‘s IndexOptimize but don’t use his defaults. Each night the maintenance plan is successful, but these commands take the longest to execute 3 hours, 3 hours and 5 hours respectivelly. x), you can create nonclustered B-tree or rowstore indexes as secondary indexes on a clustered columnstore index. Syntax ALTER INDEX index_name ON table_name. For a dedicated SQL pool table with an ordered CCI, ALTER INDEX REBUILD will re-sort the data using tempdb. To create SQL database maintenance plan, launch SQL Server Management Studio > expand the database instance > Management > right-click on the maintenance plan > New Maintenance Plan. sql script from Ola’s website and open it up in a query window inside of SSMS. SET @BackupDirectory = N'C:Backup' -- <== Change this to your backup directory. Inadequate disk space can degrade performance or even cause the index operation to fail. CREATE INDEX IX_DisplayName ON dbo. index_type_desc AS IndexType, indexstats. Similarly, removing fragmentation in a. – Ed B. How Fragmentation Hurts SQL Server Performance. It defragments the leaf level of clustered and non-clustered indexes on tables and views by physically reordering the. For now, I have just turned off the weekly index reorganize task which is not really a good long term solution. Maintenance. Rebuild if > 30%. There's a general consensus that you should reorganize ("defragment") your indices as soon as index fragmentation reaches more than 5 (sometimes 10%), and you should. The following index operations require no additional disk space: ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE; however, log space is required. Hi, The widely used thresholds are: Reorganize if fragmentation is between 10-30%. avg_page_space_used_in_percent column in the sys. Cancelling / Stopping ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE. Coming to the point out of all there is a database with 51Gb, yes we have seen some big tables majorly occupying space in db. 1. From a transaction log standpoint, reorganize index generates a lot more small transactions and can lead to substantially more resource-consumption than a rebuild. REORGANIZE, UPDATE STATISTICS and a simple SELECT statement. The fill factor determines the amount of empty space on each page in the index, to accommodate future expansion. The sys. This prevents modifications to the table. Reorganizing the indexes will take less time, and less effort from the SQL server thus they can be done in a weeknight type of instances. The first part of this tip focuses on SQL Server Enterprise Edition to reduce the duration for index maintenance for off-line rebuilds. 1. To reorganize index SQL Server, right-click it & choose Reorganize. I'm just using the reorg index task that is in the maintenance plan designer GUI. Don’t shrink your database files just to free up drive space. However, recently this approach has. 1. Rebuild or Reorganize SQL Index. If there are frequent changes to the full-text catalog, use this. 2. This index always show 100% avg_fragmentation_in_percent, index level 2, pages =8. Also, some tables/indexes will hardly be fragmented. . I was going to take a look at Ola Hallengren's scripts and some other stuff but wanted to see if there was possibly a simple explanation for this. ALTER DATABASEdb_name SETREAD_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT ON go Alter index Index_name on table_name. 1. In this article, we will go through these new. Stack Exchange Network. Plan B is fine. For information about how to maintenance index, refer to MS document. USE AdventureWorks; GO ALTER INDEX ALL ON Production. Dec 19, 2021, 9:55 PM. The procedure uses SQL Server ALTER INDEX command, with the REORGANIZE option NULL. It is used when the operation takes a. I still see questions about SQL Server 2000/2005 pop up on Stack Exchange. I would prefer to rebuild the indexes where the fragmentation percent of the indexes is greater than 30% and a Re-org of indexes where fragmentation percent is in between 9% and 30%. The query causing the block is in the format: ALTER INDEX [indexName] ON tableName REORGANIZE. It also enables faster growth in the future. before i answer your question is the database on simple recovery. To create a linked server to azure, you can see this SO link:I need to add a linked server to a MS Azure SQL ServerSQL Server 2016, that comes with many new features and enhancements to the existing features, bring new enhancements to a number of SQL Server Maintenance Plans tasks including the indexes Rebuilding and Reorganizing tasks, in addition to the Check Database Integrity tasks. Rename. The REINDEX command requires an exclusive table lock, which means that it'll stall any accesses to the table until the command has completed. avg_fragmentation_in_percent FROM sys. When the catalog reorganize is occurring the users will still be able to query the full text data?. Microsoft recommends Index Rebuild operation to defrag indexes if the fragmentation level of your index is greater. Sorted by: 2. I have tried reorganize, rebuild and even tried dropping them and creating again. So let’s take one thing at a time. Although this option increases the amount of temporary disk space that is used to create an index, the. More actions. (About 1 TB of data including myIndex (non-clustered)). The following options are available on this page. The possibility to. Note: You can select “Reorganize All” to reorganize all the indexes in the table. If the index’s design or your SQL Server edition doesn’t allow for that, it’ll perform the last resort – an offline index rebuild. Last weekend the index maintenance took more than 5 hours and the full backup was running at the same time. we are using Ola index job to rebuild and reorganize the index. Large object data is data with the image, text, ntext, varchar (max), nvarchar (max), varbinary (max), or xml data type. This sample T-SQL script performs basic maintenance tasks on SUSDB 1. Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW) Poorly designed indexes and a lack of indexes are primary sources of database application bottlenecks. [Product] SET ( ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON ) ALTER INDEX [PK_Product] ON [Production]. Therefore, you do not need to update statistics after performing ALTER INDEX REBUILD, DBCC DBREINDEX, DBCC INDEXDEFRAG, or ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE operations. dm_db_index_physical_stats (Transact-SQL). . My predecessor created a Maintenance Plan with 4 tasks: CHECKDB; SHRINKDATABASE (N'DB1',10,TRUNCATEONLY); it seems to be running a REORGANIZE on all Indexes for all Tables and Views and "Compact Large Objects" is checked; and then it UPDATE. Large tables should be in their own full-text catalog. This means that for a lightly fragmented index (e. Which is the best method to reorganize sql server database. Create a job to run your index reorganize ('Reorganize'). For a dedicated SQL pool table with an ordered CCI, ALTER INDEX. Expand the Indexes. REORGANIZE statement. dm_os_wait_stats DMV, you will find 21 new wait types related to the SQL Server 2014 Lock Priorities. An index rebuild will always build a new index, even if there’s no fragmentation. Your new index will have the size non less than the size of disabled index. dm_db_index_physical_stats function is the preferred tool to use to check index fragmentation on any CA or DA database table. You can still run the index reorg/rebuild as part of your maintenance scripts. the. The performance benefit may not be noticeable for indexes that are used primarily for seek operations. Microsoft's guidance on index reorganize and rebuild supports this: For example, if a given index is used mainly for scan operations, removing fragmentation can improve performance of these operations. If a nonclustered index is being rebuilt, a shared lock is held on the table in question during the operation. Such indexes (fragmented) can lead to slow application response and decrease query performance. If the index. every 2-3 day if running maintenance once per day (night). Improve this answer. Under Select a page, select Options. 7. Applies to: SQL Server 2016 (13. Scale back down once the index rebuild is complete. Spatial Index. You can reorganize all indexes that are defined on a table by rebuilding the index data into unfragmented, physically contiguous pages. Larger indexes have more intermediate levels and pages. HeapTest ( Id INT not NULL Default (1), Col1 char (5000) Not null Default ('Heaps Are Cool') ) SET NOCOUNT ON Insert into dbo. Monitor tempdb during rebuild operations. Rebuilding an index means that a whole new set of pages is allocated for it. I have been advised by a contracted SQL Server expert that, after any change in # of CPUs and/or available memory, I should reorganize all indexes and then update all statistics or SQL Server will not make the full use of the new resources. Change it to be weekly or even less frequently.